How Does Change Happen in Japan?

KB Geishas

Two books I’ve recently finished reading offer portraits of women in contemporary Japan, but come to very different conclusions about their prospects.

There is the eponymous subject of the Ben Hill’s biography, Princess Masako.

“There is no happy ending to this story . . . . as the fourteenth anniversary of their wedding loomed . . . there was nowhere to go, no alternative to Masako continuing to sacrifice herself for the sake of her country’s outdated imperial institutions—and her father’s family honor . . . She will live to regret the rainy summer’s day that she surrendered to well-meant notions of duty and honour and gave up her life for her country.”

Oh, the oppressive Japanese and the poor women who live in that society.

Then there is the thesis of Veronica Chamber’s excellent new work of non-fiction, Kickboxing Geishas (Note to the publisher: Why did you put a non-Japanese woman on the cover? Or am I missing something?). From the flap copy.

“Forget the stereotypes. Today’s Japanese women are shattering them—breaking the bonds of tradition and dramatically transforming their culture . . . the . . story is that of legions of everyday women . . . who have kicked off a revolution in their country.”

I really enjoyed the Chambers book, title notwithstanding. In it, I found all the members of my family and many friends in Japan: my brilliant scientist cousin who gave it all up to have two children, her sister who dabbled in art but also gave it up to be a mother, my cousin who stubbornly refuses to get married, lives in an all-women’s complex in Chiba and works a demanding corporate job (she’d like a western boyfriend). The women Chambers presents to us are neither cartoon characters nor pinups, but people with real lives and real histories. Just this morning I received an email from a reader who asked me “what the deal” was with Japanese women. He couldn’t imagine having a conversation with the airheads he sees on Japanese television. I encouraged him to read Chambers’ book to get a more well-rounded picture of Japanese women today.

But as I read the Chambers book, I kept looking for the “revolution” which the book jacket promised I would find. Time and again, I kept finding the same information that we’ve been discussing on Japundit.

>Women delaying marriage
>An increase in divorce rates
>Women traveling abroad while the men stay home
>An increase in Japanese women/foreign men marriages
>The declining birth rate

I have yet to see—and did not see in her book—how these changes were actually affecting Japanese society as a whole. Yes, she mentions the magazines that show fathers with children and the television commercials in which men do the laundry (certainly not something I saw on TV during the 70s or 80s). But where are the significant changes? The actual enforcement of the 1985 Equal Opportunity Law? The increase in women helming corporate jobs and smashing the rice-paper ceiling?

Here’s an interesting answer Chambers gave in an interview.

What kinds of messages about work, family and home are young Japanese women getting from their mothers?

“Out of the 75 women I interviewed, there were five, maybe 10, women whose moms were not housewives. If the family had a business or owned a farm, the mother might work, but for the most part, if you grew up in the ’60s, ’70s or ’80s in Japan, your mom stayed at home. They’re now telling their daughters, “I was trapped by the money. If I had the financial means now, if I knew what to do with myself, I’d get a divorce. Don’t let yourself get into this situation.”

Japanese women are delaying marriage and not having as many kids — if any — and it’s because they got smart. They hear this stuff from their moms, And they’re like, “Once you get married and have kids, you’re locked into an 18-year job.” If you can delay that, then you can travel, you can learn languages, you can make your own money, do your own thing. So there’s actually this worldliness and sophistication that you see in young, single working women.”

This, to me, reads like so many of the discussions we’ve had on Japundit. Put simply, many women are choosing to get married and quit work, or are working and becoming “Parasite singles.” There’s very little in between. It doesn’t read to me like a society that is changing, ie finding ways to accommodate women and adjusting its expectations of them. To me, this portrait of Japan looks and feels stagnant, like a cold war where parties take positions and hold fast to them, but make no significant changes to the way they interact.

Some time ago, I made the point that Princess Masako’s situation, far from being unusual and easily dismissed, was in many ways emblematic of the challenges that many Japanese women face. Chambers and Hill portray her in the same light, so I know I’m not alone in my thinking.

I don’t believe, as Hills seems to, that Japan can’t change–even to accomodate a princess. But I’m not as optimistic as Chambers who sees that Japan is undergoing a revolution. The real changes, I think, are yet to come and will most likely surprise us.

What about you, Japundits? How do you think change will/does happen in Japan?

33 Responses to “How Does Change Happen in Japan?”

alexpappas Said:

Great post Marie!

If I look back at history, there has always been a group or cross section that has ruled Japan. The Samurai of Edo jidai, the bureaucrats of the Meji jidai, and the tekoku kaigun military of the early Showa jidai.

But I think today, its very clear that its young girls/women that quite literally have the balance of power in Japan. The economy, food, fashion, quite literally nearly everything is geared towards that demographic. They have more sway and more power over the nation then anyone else because its their purchasing, their likes and dislikes that sway the country.

(If only they’d realize it i guess…)

Marie Mockett Said:

I can see this as a quiet kind of power, but not one that really functionally changes traditions.

alexpappas Said:

I’m not so sure about that. I think traditions in Japan have greatly changed due to a number of factors. But certainly today’s Japanese society is far more open to the idea of equality of women. It still needs a lot of work mind you, but its much further along then it has been at any point in society.

I agree it may be a quiet kind of power.

RTN Said:

The question is if the young women of Japan are interested in changing Japan and willing to consciously work towards this change. I’d say the answer is typically “no”. Their choices (freeter, parasite singles, even working w/o marriage, etc. etc.) are changing Japan socially and economically, but that isn’t the goal of their actions. Without a willing to organize and even sacrifice for a movement (both largely absent from Japanese society at the moment), the changes you’re looking for aren’t going to happen. It would take women organizing as voters and demanding change. But Japanese in general are pretty apathetic towards governance issues (even if a higher percentage vote than in the USA), so I wouldn’t recommend anyone hold their breath. Heck, it’s only been the last election or so parties even thought about putting out issue oriented platforms. Btw, there’s a book on women and politics called “Bicycle Citizens” by Robin LeBlanc.

RYO Said:

I’m hardly on expert on feminism, but if I understand it correctly (I could be wrong), Japanese women were given the right to vote through the enactment of the new constitution in 1945. (In other words, this right appears to have been gift-wrapped for them.) In almost every society, significant social changes have been attended by upheavals to the old order, which is usually averse to change, prompting those who wish to effect change to charge forward and make sacrifices to achieve such changes. In other words, if women in Japan want a revolution, they will have to spark it themselves. Whether they want to as a group or not is another question.
On a slightly different note, I think it would be awesome if Japan had its own Maggie Thatcher – a (female) political leader with balls.

Marie Mockett Said:

Smart post, RTN. There’s really nothing in any of the numbers, Alex, that tells me that attitudes toward women are changing. Women may indeed have many material needs met–as does a great portion of Japan–but the stats don’t bear out that they suddenly have greater choices–other than to opt out of traditional roles completely, and this is only possible because they continue to have money to allow them to opt out.

This is what I meant when I said that I find Chamber’s thesis too sunny. Hills, I find too bleak. I’ll look at LeBlanc. She’s trained in fieldwork, which sounds good.

Raj Said:

I wonder why people have to take such extreme conclusions – it really does the subject no justice.

Funnily enough I think the book is still actually somewhat patronising. From the description it rather implies that Japanese women are suddenly empowered. Nothing could be further from the truth – things have progressed at a relatively steady pace. To imply or say they made no impact at all before is incorrect.

Ironic – Chambers believed she was helping Japanese women out, but she appears to have done them a diservice in some ways.

ghoti Said:

Chambers is rather patronizing. She says that Japanese women got “smart.” Why? Because they are choosing self-indulgent, lives without children or commitment to anything, which I would guess might describe Chambers’ own life. Maybe that’s why she calls it smart.

Meanwhile, we are to assume that previous generations of Japanese women, the ones with kids who don’t have LV prominently printed on everything they wear, are stupid and helpless?

I see a dead-end pseudo-feminism here, and the projection of provincial Western stadards on Japan. I guess that sells, even if it seems dated.

And of course, Japan is changing dramatically, as are many countries.

So far as the Masako book, I can’t understand the interest in modern royalty. But she has great material comfort, and she had many choices available to her. If she made the wrong choices, well join the club! Still better than being born in a Mongolian village.

RYO Said:

“If she made the wrong choices, well join the club! Still better than being born in a Mongolian village.”

Very succinct. It’s all about perspective, isn’t it?

Global Voices Online » Blog Archive » Japan: Kickboxing Geishas Said:

[...] Mockett from Japundit introduces a new book, Kickboxing Geishas, about contemporary Japanese women’s role in changing the society. Oiwan [...]

Marie Mockett Said:

The lack of even the tiniest bit of sympathy–or thoughtful discussion–for Princess Masako in these posts never fails to amaze me.

RYO Said:

I do sympathize with Princess Masako. But I also think the entire royal family in Japan is a dehumanizing institution for those at the center of it. At least she had a choice in the matter and must have anticipated some difficulties prior to agreeing to the marriage if she was as smart as she is purported to be. (I am aware that she was given assurances that didn’t pan out and that there is a disproportionate burden placed on her to produce a male heir.) In contrast, the Crown Prince leads a life highly detached from the real world on a personal level and had no choice in the matter from birth.

haafu Said:

Other than the old generation, most people here have only a passable interest in the imperial family. I for one am on par with the rest of my Japanese peers; who the heck cares? Monarchies are terribly elitist anyway.

Marie Mockett Said:

Yes, Ryo, it is dehumanizing. I would agree with you there.

I also wanted to say, again, that for the most part, I really liked Chambers’ book. It’s sensitive, thoughtful, well-written and engaging. She also doesn’t shy away from any subjects–she turns her eye equally to the sex trade and to “charismatic housewives.” I didn’t read her work as something put forward by an anthropologist, but by a reporter. Read as a cultural exploration, it’s a real treat (and I commend her for tackling the Japanese language).

What I don’t quite get is how Japan is undergoing a revolution led by women. I see a revolution in Japan led by its great material wealth–the boundaries between classes came down substantially in the 70s and especially the 80s. In school, I remember all the International Studies students joking that Japan was the only true socialist country in the world.

But I don’t see how society has been changed on a fundamental level. In fact, I sort of worry for Japan’s future, given the low birth rate. And this is why I think that the real changes have yet to come.

Going back to Alex’s initial and I now realize very thoughtful comment, it is true that some group has always ruled Japan. Right now, it looks to me like the countr is in the hands of a number of 50 to 60 year old men. The women are reacting to them. Where the power will lie in another 30 years or so is really the question to me.

RYO Said:

“In school, I remember all the International Studies students joking that Japan was the only true socialist country in the world.”

“Going back to Alex’s initial and I now realize very thoughtful comment, it is true that some group has always ruled Japan. Right now, it looks to me like the country is in the hands of a number of 50 to 60 year old men. The women are reacting to them. Where the power will lie in another 30 years or so is really the question to me.”

Taken together, these two comments made me think of the PRC for some reason. I expect that the amplitude of any changes taking place in Japan will pale in comparison to those that will take place in China. Let’s hope that the younger generation in Japan will remain a bit more youthful (and worldly) in their outlook when it’s time for them to seize the reigns of power. Otherwise, it’ll be the same old, same old.

edoko Said:

I don’t think Japan will ever change. Men will always rule the roost here.

tomojiro54 Said:

> Right now, it looks to me like the countr is in the hands of a number of 50 to 60 year old men.

That is true and this is a great problem. Even among men, there is a wide gap between younger generations in their 20ies and 30ies and men above 50ies when it comes to problems concerning gender.

A famous Journalist in Japan who also teaches courses at several Japanese universities has once said that if you speak with current students, regardless of sex, that they seem to have adopted certain values which men above 50 will consider as “extreme feminist”.

On the other hand, recently old leftist movements and worldviews are in a predicament that they have lost authorities among younger generations. And this includes feminist movements. Younger generations of women in fact deteste or despise feminist movements.

So the problem is how to initiate a change without relying old leftist and liberal worldviews.

Marie Mockett Said:

Tomojiro — Thanks for taking the time to write!

It’s true what you say about men in their 20s and 30s–the ones in my family, for example, are markedly different than their fathers. Then again, many more younger men are able to travel out of Japan, or at least have an interest in doing so.

As for traditional leftist philosophies falling out of favor– this is true here in the west.

tomojiro54 Said:

By the way, that Japan never changes is a fault argument in my opinion.

These 15years were an age of great changes, especialy values concerning families, gender, the role of women.

The problem is that recently there is a kind of backlash against these (in my opinion) positive change especialy among conservative politicians. The conservatives are regarding these changes as the lost of values of families, too far expanded gender free education, and so on.

The burst of the bubble economy and the following change in society was one of the best thing what happened in the post war history, in my opinion, but there are too much politicians and social critiques who regards these changes pessimisstic.

In my opinion, it was a positive change.

RYO Said:

“The burst of the bubble economy and the following change in society was one of the best thing what happened in the post war history, in my opinion, but there are too much politicians and social critiques who regards these changes pessimisstic.”

That’s the great thing about historical events that appear on the surface to be highly negative in nature (like the defeat of Japan in World War II, the oil shock, the bursting of the bubble economy, and more). They almost always seem to spawn positive changes in their wake. And the kinds of changes that do take place are more often than not resistant to efforts by conservative politicians to turn back the clock.

JP Said:

> Right now, it looks to me like the countr is in the hands of a number of 50 to 60 year old men.

In my view, the above numbers may be a bit low. I have it pegged more like 60 to 70+.

A man in his fifties is really not that old, as you will understand when you become one.

Marie Mockett Said:

Something tells me I will never become one.

:grin:

JP Said:

Well, Marie…

In this day and age…

You never know…

ghoti Said:

“the tiniest bit of sympathy” for Masako.

Ah….OK. I will give her some sympathy. I have an unlimited supply. Still, the girl with no future in the Mongolian village gets more.

“–or thoughtful discussion”
Time constraints limit the amount of thought, discussion or both that I can give any issue. I, on the other hand, am amazed at the amount of thought and discussion that otherwise apparently busy people do give to the problems of royal living. That should be, in my opinion, way down at the bottom of the list for things to think about. I assume they get so much attention because they provide cheap entertainment, a real-life soap opera – like so much of what we call “news.” I could line up a billion women tomorrow who would give their left leg to have Masako’s problems.

I agree with tomojiro regarding the traditional feminist/leftist views. Japan, if they are lucky, will find their own way. The excerpts from the Chalmers book made it sound as though she was playing to an audience. She’s a prolific writer, and that doesn’t allow much room for subtlety.

The dropping birth rate is common to almost all developed countries. I assume the country will be topped off by Chinese immigrants, for better and worse.

Finally, JP, that picture shows a man who is clearly in need of a new barber. The hair throws off his whole ensemble.

Paul Said:

“The lack of even the tiniest bit of sympathy–or thoughtful discussion–for Princess Masako in these posts never fails to amaze me.”

I’m more amazed that anyone cares even the tiniest bit about Japanese royalty, low birth rates, middle school textbooks, Yasukuni shrine, and all sorts of other non-issues that receive so much attention on Japundit.

Change happens in Japan the same way it happens anywhere else.

Betty Woo Said:

tomojiro54 wrote: “Younger generations of women in fact deteste or despise feminist movements.”

I deal with a lot of younger women. They don’t detest or dispise feminist movements. Are you (badly) generalizing an entire age-range of women or can you provide some proof of this assertation?

Honestly – I’m boggled by the statement, not particularly pissed at it.

Marie Mockett Said:

Betty — Do you deal with younger Japanese women?

And Tomojiro, I stand corrected that Japan hasn’t changed at all. Of course it has. But I still don’t see a “revolution.”

I’m starting to wonder if this was just some PR person’s idea of how to pitch the book.

Betty Woo Said:

Nope. Do younger generations dispise and detest feminist movements?

That’s a really broad statement there – that’s why I would like to know if anyone can back it up. It just seems… off.

Marie Mockett Said:

I’ll go look for some data for you. I suppose it also depends on what you consider “younger.”

A friend and I were discussing this last night–how strange it is to see girls in their early twenties wearing “I’m a ho” and “Playboy” T-shirts as a form of empowerment, and a way to willfully distinguish themselves from the “feminists” of previous generations who did away with any femininity. We were both feeling sad that things had become this extreme.

Here’s a nice blog post which sums up a discussion I could easily be having with a college friend.

http://hugoboy.typepad.com/hugo_schwyzer/2005/10/tuesday_night_m.html

Betty Woo Said:

Marie – interesting angle; the book pitch. Aimie Lau, in the amazon.com blurb about the book, wrote, “Kickboxing Geishas is a knockout! Veronica Chambers punches through the ’shoji screen’ that separates the true lives of Japanese women from the stereotypes that surround them.”

But the same amazon.com blurb has something from Publisher’s Weekly, “With compassion and warm wit, the author talks to successful Japanese women—from hip-hop superstars to senior corporate executives and entrepreneurs—about their education, careers, personal lives and aspirations, and about the social norms they face as they carve out a bold new existence in a country wedded to tradition.”

So… is she only talking to ’successful Japanese women’ and we’re suppose to extrapolate what… um… ‘normal’ (?) women are doing or are the women suppose to act as a pastiche of modern, younger generations of women in general?

Guess I’m trying to figure out how broad she’s tossing the interest net… . My intuition is the publisher is gunning for the ‘Bust’ and ‘Bitch’ magazine crowd but I haven’t received the book yet so who knows what the hell I’m talking about (again).

Fusion View » Blog Archive » Kickboxing Geishas Said:

[...] found this book (by Veronica Chambers) via a review on Japundit called “How does change happen in Japan?”. It is a non-fiction book about modern Japanese women and how they are “breaking the bonds of [...]

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[...] was amused to read about “charismatic housewives” in the Veronica Chambers book, Kickboxing Geishas. In brief, Chambers explains: By definition, charismatic housewives live in rich neighborhoods, eat [...]

Haruki Murakami and His Generation Said:

[...] commitment to change. Certainly Japundit has fostered numerous conversations over the years about how slowly change takes place, and how uncommitted people are to seeing it through. The collapse of the bubble [...]

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