Douglas MacArthur

You probably don’t think about Douglas MacArthur very much, but to the Japanese, he’s quite a figure.

As Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in the Pacific, he battled the Japanese throughout the region, and his was the hand that officially received the surrender on the USS Missouri, ending the war. But to the Japanese, it was in the postwar period that MacArthur did great things, guiding the rebuilding of Japan as a “kind and loving father” to the nation, not entirely different from the Founding Fathers of the Meiji Restoration 78 years before.

MacArthur brought in many democratic reforms, writing a new anti-war constitution. He broke up the zaibatsu conglomerates and redistributed five million acres of land to individual farmers, which no doubt helped contribute to Japan’s healthy middle class today.

More than anything, I think that MacArthur knew the importance of not “stepping on the face” of the Japanese, to borrow a phrase from their language. They were defeated, but the General took care to protect the Imperial Family from responsibility for the war, which was an important symbol to the people. I can find no evidence of “Abu Ghraib” like events during the Occupation, possibly thanks to the policy of choosing soldiers who had not fought in the Pacific theater, and thus had no special grudges.

A lot of the plans he implemented were undone after the Occupation ended, such as the ban on all forms of martial arts and Kabuki plays, but the important changes stuck. The generation growing up after the war ended has the most reverence for the man. When I asked my wife’s mother what her impression of him was, she practically gushed. “It’s because of MacArthur that Japan is here today.”

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Presumed Guilty

Japan’s criminal justice system is in the international spotlight this week with the release of a film produced by the Japan Federation of Bar Associations (JFBA) entitled ‘Presumed Guilty - Creating False Confessions‘ in which “former defendants talk about how they were forced to confess by investigators during interrogations.”

Tokyo lawyer Shinichiro Koike said “I hope many people [...] will watch this film and realize that confessions are ‘created.’ And I expect it to contribute to improving Japan’s judicial system.”

Koike, the lawyer, who has been working to improve the criminal judicial system for the past 30 years, said, ‘‘I have come to a new realization our system is in a terrible state than I thought through producing the film.’’

Even if a person is summoned by police on a voluntary basis, he or she is sometimes questioned for 14 hours a day without a break, and is scrutinized even when going to the bathroom, according to Koike.

‘‘Under these circumstances, anybody, even me, a lawyer, would be exhorted to make confessions,’’ he said.

More details available at Japan Times, which has the same article.

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Japanese scholar prefers cram down style of government

A recent Japan Times article about warnings eminating from an annual gathering of business leaders in Kyoto over the the political situation here and its affect on Japan’s “place on the world stage,” reveals that some “leaders” in Japan seem to prefer the relative harmony of a one-party dictatorship over a two-party system of checks and balances.

Opposition party control of the Upper House since July has created political gridlock that is hurting Japan’s international reputation, participants said.

Solutions offered to break the deadlock were sometimes radical. Kyoto University professor Terumasa Nakanishi, a strong advocate of Japan having nuclear weapons, suggested the Upper House be abolished in its current form.

If this guy is a professor (which, I guess, makes him among Japan’s best and brightest), then Japan may be worse off than we imagine. The people voted the opposition (Democratic Party of Japan) into power in The Upper House because they were dissatisfied with the policies and practices of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and their coalition partner New Komeito Party. So in response this geek says Japan should simply abolish the Upper House in order to give the LDP and New Komeito a free hand, effectively spitting squarely into the eye of the Japanese voting public.

But even Nakanishi seems to have realized what a wacky notion this is, for he offered an alternative “plan,” albeit one that is no less wacky than the first (emphasis mine).

More moderately, [Nakanishi] also favors a coalition government.

“Two main parties, the Liberal Democratic Party and the Democratic Party of Japan, forming a coalition government is the only way to break the stalemate,” Nakanishi said, to the approval of many of the senior business leaders present.

Well, this approach accomplishes essentially the same thing as the first: that is it basically nullifies the results of the Upper House election and gives notice to the people of Japan that their votes mean absolutely nothing. It tells them the system is not only rigged, it is owned and operated by a small group of self-anointed, self-important elitists with a sense of entitlement that they feels puts them well above the law, the constitution, and the will of the people they govern.

What is the biggest threat to Japan according to these “leaders?”

Why, nails that refuse to be hammered down to the benefit of the powers that be, of course.

Many participants complained bitterly about what they see as self-centered behavior by corporations and individuals, especially among the younger generation[.]

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Japan’s hairy problem

For some reason, the Japanese government seems to be just as intent as ever in its quest to keep it citizens as ignorant as possible regarding the appearance of their genitals. Once citizen, however, is just as determined to fight for the right to gander.

Publisher Takashi Asai started on his quest eight years ago when customs official confiscated a book of his by the late American photographer Robert Mapplethorpe, which includes sado-masochistic homosexual images, because they were judged to be obscene

Asai, who heads a film distribution company, translated and published a collection of Mapplethorpe’s works in Japan in 1994, based on imported negatives that customs did not check.

But when Asai carried a copy of his book back from the United States in 1999, it was seized by customs officials and he has battled with courts since to reverse the move.

Japan’s domestic obscenity laws were relaxed in the 1990s to allow pictures of pubic hair, but imported publications are handled by customs and it still bans images of genitals.

“It’s meaningless to have to cover nude photos in this day and age when images are being freely accessed on the Internet,” Asai said in a telephone interview this week.

The book is in the Japanese parliament’s library, he said, and copies were offered for sale on the Web.

Japanese obscenity laws have loosened up a bit over the past couple of years. There once was a time not that long ago when any image that showed any pubic hair was off limits. . . Though there was softcore nudity nightly on TV and hardcore strip joints operating out in the open scattered here and there among the various night spots.

Pubic hair is no longer taboo, but the physical genitals are still officially off limits. Above-board publishers follow the law to the letter, so what is specifically declared off limits by the law (which actually is not that much) is masked. Everything else is presented in its entire glory for the purveyor’s viewing pleasure.

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Creating a more perfect Wa

As the Japanese Constitution marks its 60th birthday, Japanese media is filled with stories, special reports, and debates about amending or totally rewriting the national charter in order to allow the nation better to cope with the realities of the modern world. Though some of the ideas being put forth are worthwhile, there are some politicians in the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) who tend to see this as a chance to cut back on some of the freedom currently being enjoyed in Japan.

Some LDP lawmakers say the 60-year-old Constitution gives too many rights and freedoms to the people, and often results in individuals exerting their rights at the cost of society as a whole, thus abusing the system.

Lawmakers often cite the difficulty the government has had since the end of the war in expropriating private land for key public projects, like major expressways and Narita airport. They say that resistance from the public to projects has delayed construction and greatly pushed up government costs.
LDP wants to amend Article 12 to state that the people “shall have freedom and be obliged to exercise their rights in ways that would not go against the public interest and public order.”

Not very liberal or democratic of the Liberal Democratic Party, is it? Of course, the rub always comes in figuring out whose job it is to decide what goes against “public interest” and “public order.”

Still others see constitutional reform as an opportunity to re-implement some of the Meiji Era notions that, depending upon with whom you side, either led Japan down its road to militaristic disaster or made Japan a great international power in a few short decades after it emerged from feudalistic self-isolation.

[A nonpartisan group conservative group of former Diet lawmakers and 190 elected politicians of politicians headed by former Prime Minister Nakasone has] presented their proposed changes to the Constitution’s preamble. The group’s new preamble says “the Emperor is the symbol of the unified public” and Japan shall “protect its independence through the solidarity of the public who love the nation.”

The “love of nation” clause, which is not in the current preamble, is something the ruling Liberal Democratic Party wants to put into the Constitution. Since the LDP’s founding in 1955, the party has made changing the Constitution one of its goals.

So, what to The People think?

Around 51 percent of people recently polled by The Mainichi agreed that the Constitution needs to be revised.

The main reason given by the people who support revision is that the current constitution is too old.

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Family registry laws need a shake-up

Aki Mukai and Nobuhiko TakadaYou may have read on Japundit before, or heard in episode 64 of Japundit’s podcast, Japan Talk, about Japan’s antiquated divorce laws that can have a grave impact on children born soon after the divorce.

Further evidence of legal backwardness and the need for some serious 21st century thinking (or even 20th, come to that) was put in the spotlight in late March when the Supreme Court turned down the request of actress Aki Mukai and her husband, former wrestler Nobuhiko Takada to have their own children recognised as such by the law.

Their twin sons were born by surrogate birth in the United States 3 years ago. The Supreme Court, on March 23, overruled a previous Tokyo High Court ruling that the boys should be registered as their parents’ children simply from a welfare point of view. Kyodo reported that

[The Supreme Court noted] — for the first time — that the woman who delivers a baby, and not the woman who provides the eggs, is the baby’s mother in a surrogate birth.

The parents had until yesterday to take the only other registration option open to them, namely to have the boys registered as the children of Takada and the American woman. It was an option that they had agreed with the surrogate mother they wouldn’t take.

As things stand, the boys will now be raised as U.S. nationals.

The koseki, or Family Registry laws also dictate, incidentally, that foreign spouses of Japanese nationals are never entered into the registry, merely added as ‘notes’ at the end (and even then only by some local authorities).

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Future Emperor of Japan?

Future Emperor?

Princess Kiko with Prince Hisahito, who is the first male born into the Japanese Imperial Family in 41 years and who may end up one day becoming the Emperor of Japan, as they arrive at the imperial farm in Takanezawa.

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Group drops suit on Tokyo over 1945 air raid

b29overtokyo.jpgA group of Japanese is suing their country for 1.23 billion yen in compensation and an apology for civilian casualties suffered during the Great Tokyo Air Raid of 1945.

“The central government rewards former soldiers and their families with military pensions but ignores its duty to aid civilians who were injured or killed in the raid,” said Taketoshi Nakayama, lawyer for the plaintiffs.

By doing so, the government has forced civilians to endure injuries and losses from the war, in violation of Article 14 of the Constitution, which states that all people are equal under the law, Nakayama said.

“There were no differences between soldiers and civilians. The government should recognize that all of Japan was a battlefield at the time,” the plaintiffs claim in the suit.

The suit also accuses the Japanese government of being responsibile for prolonging the war, claiming that the Tokyo air raids, as well as the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki could have been avoided.

The group does not have any plans to sue the United States.

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Juki Net: As safe as Winny

A policeman hard at work downloading Ayumi Hamasaki mp3sA few days ago, it was reported that Yamanashi prefectural police had managed to leak information about investigations “including personal information on over 500 individuals including the name of a sex crime victim” onto the internet.

It’s happened time and time again in the offices of folks holding sensitive information. And the cause of it has often proved to be the p2p file-sharing application Winny (often in conjunction with the virus Antinny).

Last year, the Yomiuri reported that a domestic Internet service provider sent “an unprecedented letter to users who [had] downloaded confidential data on mentally ill patients in Takaoka, Toyama Prefecture, asking them to delete the relevant file”.

The Japan Times reported last summer that “sensitive information about Japanese power plants [data regarding security arrangements at a thermoelectric power plant run by the Chubu Electric Power in Owase, Mie prefecture] has leaked online from a virus-infected computer for the second time in less than four months”.

You might recall similar stories involving airlines, local police forces, mobile phone companies, the National Defense Agency even.

Therefore it’s hardly surprising that many organisations banned the use of Winny (though why p2p software wasn’t already forbidden in offices, I don’t know). The Mainichi reported that “Yamanashi Prefectural Police banned the use of any file-exchange programs in their offices in June 2005. All officers and clerical workers submitted written pledges not to use such software.”

Meanwhile in a completely unrelated story, Saitama District Court last week squashed a suit filed by a concerned citizens’ group who “sought deletion of their personal data from the Juki Net national residency registry network, claiming it infringes upon their privacy in violation of the Constitution.”

The judge Toshikuni Kondo, who apparently neither gets out much nor reads newspapers, said in the ruling, “The Juki Net is needed for administration. There is no substantial danger of data leakage to third parties. The operation of the network does not represent an unlawful infringement of privacy rights.”

Forgive my earlier scepticism. I’m convinced.

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Patriotism to be taught in School?

The Diet, Japan’s Parliament, just passed a bill that would “teach “love of country” and “public spirit” to Japanese school children. This is not that much different then the daily “Pledge of Allegiance” I mumbled through in my grade school days as well as not being much different then the “US is great” school of teaching US history.

However, Japan’s history of fervent nationalism during WWII is always playing on the political stage and this change in education policy has led some to fear that the camel nose is in the tent. Of course, it is a far cry from teaching “love of country” to “Pearl Harbor 2″ (Oh God, a remake of Pearl Harbor!?).

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Constitutional craziness

U.S. deputy defense undersecretary for Asia Richard Lawless has said that current Japanese anti-collective defense position is “crazy.”

According to the Japanese government, the nation’s constitution would not allow it to shoot down missiles passing Japan on their way to targets in the United States.

In December 2003, when the Cabinet decided to go ahead with the missile defense system, then Chief Cabinet Secretary Yasuo Fukuda said in a statement the deployment “is aimed solely at defending our country.”

“It will be operated at our independent-minded discretion and will not be used for the defense of a third country, so poses no problems in terms of collective defense,” the statement says.

This is despite the fact that the United States has been protecting Japan since World War II, and dispatched anti-missile forces here following ICBM tests by North Korea.

Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has called for Japan to study a reinterpretation of the policy.

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Female succession, post-feminism and Japan

Even though it is called “The Last Word“, I always check that feature first on every weekly issue of Metropolis Magazine Online. Marie Iida , an editorial assistant at Metropolis , has written about the disappointment of Japanese women when the government discarded Junichiro Koizumi’s proposal to allow female heirs inherit the Throne, following the birth of Prince Hisahito to Princess Kiko and Prince Akishino last month. But what really prompted me to comment about her “last word” is this assertive, and somewhat worrisome, passage:

It’s true that the ladies of Japan haven’t been doing too badly these days. We’re doing markedly better career-wise—you can bet that all those high-end brand stores in Ginza are not being built for men. We can even choose to stay single forever and leave Japan childless instead of opting to marry manga-reading worker bees. And after years of being randomly fondled by strangers, we have won the right to group all different kinds of women into a body odor-free train decorated with hot-pink flowers, the Japanese metro’s nod to grrrl power.

It does say much indeed, albeit not necessarily true. Actually I couldn’t fathom her irony, nor understand in what way a shrinking society could be considered “not too bad”, as far as Japanese women concerned, or is it that driving the business in Ginza is enough to consider that “the ladies of Japan” are scoring a point?

And suppose Prince Hisahito had never been born, would female imperial successions be a giant step in post-feminism in Japan? or would it merely hide a much different reality of Japanese women, or to say the least, much different from their Western counterparts?
I’d like to hear your say on the topic, I am still perplexed by that passage!

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The living kami

With the arrival of a new male heir for the Chrysanthemum throne, we may see more than a few disparaging comparisons of the Japanese Imperial household and its male-only policy with the royal houses of Europe, which allow females to reign.

Regardless of which gender gets to be the symbol of state in Japan, there’d be one problem with this comparison: it’s inaccurate.

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Quick hits

Here are three brief but fascinating updates on stories we regularly feature at Japundit: the new member of the imperial family, the identity of the new prime minister, and new revelations about China’s attitude toward Japan.

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Cracker barrel politics?

Article 9 sembeiA coffee shop in Kumamoto, Japan has started selling sembei rice crackers that are imprinted with the text of Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution, which states that Japan renounces war and the use of force.

Furatto, a coffee shop located in Kumamoto’s Oe district, is selling the popular “Article 9 Senbei” crackers in bags of five for 200 yen a bag.

The store ordered the rice crackers from an established senbei maker in Sendai last year, and began selling them over the counter. They have proved popular not just on Constitution Day on May 3, but throughout the year.

The manager of the store that sells the crackers says he hopes to familiarize people with their Constitution.

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Over my dead body

It has been learned that Fujimaro Tsukuba, the former head priest of the Yasukuni Shrine,resisted the enshrinement of Hideki Tojo and other Class A war criminals up to his death in 1978. The head priest believed that enshrinement of war criminals in the Shinto shrine would make it impossible for reigning emperors of Japan to visit Yasukuni.

Yasukuni at Night

When asked about the possibility of enshrining the war criminals in Yasukuni at one time, Tsukuba reportedly replied: “There’s the issue of the relationship with Imperial Household Agency. Enshrinement will probably be impossible as long as I’m alive.”

The former Ministry of Health and Welfare sent Yasukuni Shine a list of names of class-A war criminals in 1966, and a society of representative members of the shrine agreed in 1970 that they should be enshrined. However, Tsukuba, who was left with the job of doing so, did not enshrine them, and he died of illness without them being enshrined.

The late Emperor Showa (Hirohito) visited Yasukuni eight times following World War II, but Imperial visits stopped in 1975.

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Teach your children well

Japan is locked in a debate over revision of the nation’s Fundamental Law of Education, which has been in place and unchanged since it was enacted during the U.S. postwar Occupation.

Some in Japan say that the revisions are necessary in order to eliminate Occupation rules that were designed to destroy Japanese nationalism, while critics in China and South Korea say that a rise in Japanese nationalism has the potential of setting off a new round of Japanese militarism.

The revision would make it a goal of education policy to cultivate “an attitude that respects tradition and culture, loves the nation and the homeland that have fostered them, respects other nations, and contributes to peace and development of international society.”

The phrase is the result of a compromise between the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), which sought stronger wording on patriotism, and its junior coalition partner, the New Komeito.

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Stand and sing, dammit, or else

The Independent (online edition) reported today that Tokyo’s education authorities urged public schools’ headmasters to diligently enforce a law passed in 1999 making it compulsory to stand during the singing of the Japanese national anthem in public schools.

I say if you want to stand and sing your national anthem because you take pride in your country and your culture, that’s fine. There’s certainly something wrong when you are made to, whether you want it or not…

Posted by Sylvain Bouchard

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The accusers accused

The bird is the word
The Western media may enjoy highlighting the eternal Chinese and Korean complaints about their victimization by the Japanese a few generations ago—agitating the readers keeps them coming back for more, after all—but now there are indications that the people who really matter overseas are getting fed up with the behavior of these two countries.

For example, when I saw the article, “Yasukuni Detrimental to the Region as a Whole”, featuring commentary by two American scholars specializing in China, I expected yet another round of Japan bashing.

Instead, I found this blunt, commonsense statement from Ellen Frost, a research fellow at the National Defense University’s Institute for National Strategic Studies, about the continual Chinese harping on Japanese actions in World War II:

“It’s hurting China because other governments are beginning to say what kind of leaders in China cannot get over something that happened 60 and 70 years ago,” she said.

What kind of leaders in China? The kind of leaders who employ these tactics because they’re desperate to keep their citizens’ mind off of domestic problems. The kind of leaders who will use any means available to strike back at a Japanese government ready to slash their generous ODA–itself a form of war reparations–on account of Chinese economic growth and ingratitude to the country that has most helped the Chinese achieve that growth.

Their neighbors in South Korea also seem to have squandered all their goodwill in the United States.

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Tottori Prefecture suspends flawed human rights law

The Tottori government has submitted a bill to its prefectural assembly that will suspend indefinitely enforcement of a law designed to protect its citizens from racial discrimination and human rights violations.

“We need to make a thorough review as we have failed to obtain support from legal circles, which is essential for its implementation,” Tottori Gov. Yoshihiro Katayama said. “It is better not to set a deadline” for introducing the ordinance, he said.

The assembly approved the ordinance in October, making Tottori the first prefecture to initiate such a measure.

But the Tottori Bar Association has expressed concern about what it calls the arbitrary nature of the ordinance, noting it is left up to authorities to decide whether to reveal the names of rights abusers.

The ordinance was to take effect June 1 and was to run through March 2010. It lists eight types of human rights violations, including racial discrimination, physical abuse, sexual harassment and slander.

Opponents to the original ordinance claimed it was flawed, because it allowed prefectural police and other administrative entities of the prefecture to refuse be investigated.

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